The Software Update Management white paper for System Center Configuration Manager (Configuration Manager 2012 R2 and Configuration Manager, current branch) provides a detailed discussion about each process and how to troubleshoot those processes if problems occur. This discussion includes prerequisites, installation and configuration, configuring deployments, maintenance, and administrative best practices.
Note This document was originally written for Configuration Manager 2012 R2. However, most of the concepts that are explained here are also applicable to Configuration Manager, current branch.